Essays --

It is no secret that in the decade after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, defense spending increased in the United States, but something that people are less aware of are the continued government efforts toward biodefense: protecting a country of more than 317 million people from the threat of biological warfare. In 2004, Congress passed the Project Bioshield Act. The aim of Project Bioshield was to create a market for medical products to be provided to the public at large in the event of bioterrorism. It called for more than 5 billion dollars to be used to purchase vaccines, over a 10-year period. (The White House, 2004). As we approach the 10-year mark of Project Bioshield, and consider all of the advancements in bioengineering and biotechnology that have occurred since then, it’s important to reflect but also to look forward into what the next decade of biodefense innovation might look like, and what ethical impacts it may have. According to a paper published by the Center for Bioethics at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (Loike and Fischbach, 2013), we face eight ethical challenges as our biodefense efforts increase. â€Å"1. Allocation of resources and personnel and cost benefit analysis. 2. Triage assessment. 3. Clinical testing of potential therapies or vaccines in young children and older adults. 4. Preventing unauthorized individuals from entering research laboratories. 5. Dual-use: publication of papers containing useful information that also could be used to create bioweapons. 6. Dual-use: curtailing the development of harmful technologies while promoting beneficial applications by scientists of these technologies. 7. Restriction of personal freedoms. 8. Allocation of ... ...lications of biodefense technology, of which biological engineers are at the heart of. Biological engineers have a triple role in biodefense: some develop biodefense technology; some find applications for new biodefense technology; all have an obligation to first and foremost protect the people. The first fundamental canon of the Code of Ethics for Engineers is that â€Å"Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public† (NSPE). Developing new biodefense technology fits in with this mission, but only if we also take care of the three ethical issues raised above: adequately testing new vaccines and medical products so that they do not pose risk to the user, showing care in publishing new technology that could be used in a harmful way, and promoting beneficial applications of such technology.

Effective adjustment to a new environment Essay

Adjusting to College Welcome to college! Attending college is one of the first major life transitions for many young adults. Some students are excited to take on the new experiences of campus life, while others feel apprehensive about making this change. Regardless of your outlook when beginning your first year of college, you may benefit from talking with others who have already made that transition. Making the Transition What are some of the most common changes you can expect in the first year on campus? †¢ New environment and relationships. First year students must adapt to an unfamiliar environment, adjust to different living arrangements, and develop new relationships. Living with roommates may be the first ‘test’ freshmen experience. Students face the challenge of adjusting to roommates who may have very different boundaries and individual needs than family and friends from home. Roommates may or may not develop close friendships, but communication and compromise can build a smoother transition. College brings a unique opportunity to interact and live with students from various backgrounds and cultures. Expanding your worldview by learning about each other’s differences and similarities will likely enhance your college experience. †¢ Greater personal freedom. Living on your own for the first time means that you will gain independence and take charge of the many choices and decisions that your parents and teachers made for you in the past. While this new found freedom can be exciting, it may also feel overwhelming and less predictable than what you are accustomed to. The freedom to manage your daily life is a learning process, but one that can be very satisfying. †¢ Added responsibility. First-year students must manage the important daily responsibilities that accompany their increased personal freedom. Students must manage basic tasks such as eating, sleeping, exercising, and going to class. New students must also address more complex responsibilities such as balancing studying and socializing, participating in clubs and activities, and handling finances. Managing time is a demand  that all first-year students experience. A typical day in college is less structured than high school, and there is more reading and studying that is required outside of class. Some students may feel as if they have no free time to do anything but schoolwork, while others feel like they have too much free time outside of the classroom. †¢ Changing relationships. While there are many changes occurring in your new campus life, there will also be changes in your relationships. New students often face challenges such as best friends going to other universities, beginning new romantic relationships or maintaining existing ones, and juggling newly formed relationships with already established ones. Students must balance a sense of connectedness and separation while at college. Some freshmen feel the need to call or e-mail home several times a week in the first few months away, while others require less frequent communication with their family and friends. Common Stressors The first year of college is a new and exciting adventure, but one that may come with a few challenges along the way. What are some of the most common stressors that first-year students experience? †¢ Time Management. Now that you are in college, there are no more eight hour school days like those in many high schools. You may have class for six, three, or even zero hours a day. The rest of your time must be negotiated between homework, clubs and activities, work, socializing, and self-care. College students often feel as if there is just not enough time to do everything that needs to be done. Using a schedule and some organizational skills will help you to effectively manage your hectic and changing life. †¢ Academic Performance. By nature, college coursework is challenging, and it can be hard to keep up with the increased academic demands. Some students undergo pressure from both themselves and their parents. There may be requirements for scholarships and graduate school admission that you have not previously experienced. In order to manage the increased demands and expectations, it is important to attend class regularly, keep up with  readings and assignments, and ask for help when you need it. Professors and teaching assistants are there to assist you, and want you to succeed. If you need additional help, various organizations on campus offer tutoring services, many of which are free. Alpha Lambda Delta: Freshman Honor Society, Office of Minority Student Affairs, and University Residence Halls Academic Assistance are a few such services that offer tutoring at no cost. †¢ Roommate Conflict. Learning to live with someone new can be one of the most challenging aspects of going to college. Different living habits are the most common source of roommate conflict (i.e. neat vs. messy; quiet vs. noisy; early-to-bed vs. up-all-night). Failure to communicate your expectations about living together can lead to tension and eventually conflict. To avoid â€Å"roommate fallout† you should communicate your needs and expectations respectfully, while recognizing your own habits and quirks that might affect your relationship. If conflict does escalate you should take it to a Resident Advisor, Resident Director, or a Counselor to determine a course of action. †¢ Long Distance Dating Relationships. It is not uncommon for first-year students to begin college in a long distance dating relationship. Where at one time this relationship may have helped you cope with everyday stress, it could now be a source of distress due to the distance between you and your partner. Uncertainty in what the future holds for the relationship is one of the most common stressors experienced by college students in long distance dating relationships. There are a few key efforts that each partner can make to lessen the sting of separation. Verbal communication, openness, and assurance of one another can reduce stress associated with being separated. It is also essential for each partner to seek social support from others and remain active in their individual lives while apart. †¢ Body Image. Many college students also struggle with body image. Our culture pays a great deal of attention to the appearance of our bodies, particularly during young adulthood. Media representations of the ideal body, messages from peers, and other cultural factors shape what we perceive as â€Å"normal† or â€Å"good†. It can be difficult to have a clear, healthy  perspective on ourselves and our bodies when our culture sends so many confusing, conflicting, and sometimes unhealthy messages. This can be stressful at a time when many are trying to â€Å"fit in† with others and make new, exciting relationships. If you find yourself preoccupied with how you look or become distressed about your body, discussing your concerns and ideas with someone can be extremely helpful in creating, developing, and maintaining a body image that is healthful and fulfilling. Recommendations for First-Year College Students What steps can you take to have a great first year of college? †¢ Be patient. While campus may seem new and overwhelming for new students, it becomes more familiar with time. Refer to the many resources available to assist you in navigating your surroundings. Maps, your R.A., upper-level students, and the university Website are all useful tools to get you through the initial transition to campus. †¢ Connect with other students. If you talk to other students, you are likely to discover that they share similar questions and concerns. Your R.A. is an excellent person to go to when issues arise. She or he is equipped to help you solve problems and refer you to appropriate resources. †¢ Get involved. Student organizations are a fun way to interact with other students and faculty. Meeting people with similar interests and goals is an exciting way to make friends and participate in social activities. †¢ Utilize resources. There are numerous resources on campus designed to create a rewarding college experience. A range of offices and programs, such as cultural houses and the LGBTQ office, are offered to assist the diverse campus’s needs. In addition, there are numerous sources of support such as the Office of Dean of Students, the Counseling Center, the Career Center, your Academic Advisor, financial aid programs, and mentoring/tutoring programs offered to address various student needs. †¢ Care for yourself. The foundation for a productive college career is a healthy lifestyle. Take the necessary steps for nurturance, getting adequate rest, socializing, and physical activity. Campus Recreation offers several resources that students can utilize to work towards wellness. The ARC, CRCE, and the Wellness Center are just a few campus facilities that strive to promote healthy practices and to educate  the campus community on various health topics.

Australian education trends Essay

It is often known that education forms the backbone of economic development and growth in any nation. The investment in pre-school, primary and secondary education as well as community college education ensures availability of human capital endowed with relevant skills and knowledge for enhanced productivity. This has proven to be a necessity for sustained economic development in any country in the world. Educated people are in no doubt different from the uneducated or less educated in a variety ways (Tiffen, & Gittins, 2004). At the outset, the difference is eminent in attitudes and behavior, in their well being and health status, income as well as values regarding morals, religion, politics and employment among others. By instilling these positive characteristics to individuals in the community, education has therefore transformed the world people live in from the old ignorance-ridden era to the technologically-advanced modern life (Tiffen, & Gittins, 2004). Australia has experienced a steady increase in education levels in the last century. The government has in the past centralized funding of education and imposed high taxes on high income earners in an attempt to finance education. Students are not spared either in this plan and have been included in the â€Å"user pays† principle where they reimburse for the education services received. However, this scheme has affected education in many countries and how the government plans to implement the principle together with high taxation is a matter of concern. In Australia, the Government provides public funding for non-government schools as well as substantial assistance to government academic institution. Funding of state government schools is the primary responsibility of States and territories (Laporte, & Ringold, 1997). These organs can also provide assistance to non-governmental institutions of learning. It is estimated that more than two thirds of the students in non-government academic institutions are affiliated to Catholic as a religion. Australian education system is a three tier model where children enroll in Kindergarten at the age of about five years, then graduate to primary followed by secondary levels from year one to twelfth year and finally tertiary education (Harrison, 2002). Education is mandatory for the children aged between five to about sixteen years but the federal government caters for the university education. This system has ensured a reduced school life expectancy thereby enhancing educational development in the country (Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, 2008). This however draws a sharp contrast to the old system. Australian education system was highly stratified and that only infants and primary education were provided for the children. Additionally, Selection for high school education was very competitive, and favored the siblings of specific people who used to be prominent in the society (Henry, 1990). These individuals included industrialists, agriculturalists as well as businessmen among other professionals. Teaching profession was undermined since the government offered low wages to the teachers in addition to subjecting them to strict laws that restricted their personal as well as professional conduct. These factors reduced the productivity of the teaching staff thereby suppressing students’ performance in schools (Henry, 1990). The tremendous increase in level of education in Australia has been largely attributed to changes in a variety of factors including social and institutional framework as well as economic changes and student financing much else besides (Evans & Kelley, 2002). To start with, changes in educational levels have been associated with urbanization. The rural-urban migration brought about by the inadequacy of farmland as well as search for skilled jobs in the cities has enhanced the development of cities in Australia. This has therefore called for the provision of educational services in these highly populated regions hence increasing the educational levels. Evans & Kelley (2002) estimates the changes brought about by urbanization to about six percent over the last century. Economic growth on the other hand has been articulated with the steady increase in the educational levels in Australia. This country has witnessed a considerable economic growth in the recent past. Australian GDP for instance is currently valued at 1050 billion dollars which is slightly above 1.6 percent of the world economy (Laporte, & Ringold, 1997).   Australia has so far recorded steady economic growth and unlike other OECD nations it did not fall to the economic recession witnessed in the recent past (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007). Moreover, the country has recorded a growth rate of about 3.6% annually for the last fifteen years. This has empowered the government hence its ability to fund education as well as other sectors (UNESCO/OECD World Education Indicators Program, 2005). It therefore implies that most of the Australians are able to access education compared to the past where parents used to dropout of school after compulsory education level. The current parents have therefore acquired high social status in addition to pursuing the available high skilled and well-paying professional jobs. The Australian children who hail from well educated families can now access proper education thereby increasing the levels of education in the country (Ruitenberg, 2010). Economic growth has therefore contributed to about twenty six percent education growths in Australia. This change has mainly improved education levels in both the primary education which is compulsory as well as secondary education which the educated and socially as well as economically-empowered parents can now afford (Evans & Kelley, 2002).The duo however admit that the aforementioned factors only contribute to a little percentage of the sources of educational transformation so far witnessed in Australia and that the real sources of change in education trend in this century are still unclear. Youth participation in education including vocational education and training has also improved in Australia. According to Sue et al (2009) a variety of factors have influenced this upsurge in the education trends in Australia. Factors such as how the young people’s families as well as community value education, the socioeconomic status of the general population, available education and training and the school curriculum, existing policies on education and youth employment, financial incentives and obstacles, economic structure in regard to industry and occupation have changed hence improvement of youth participation in education and vocational training in Australia (Kilpatrick, Sue,  Baynes, Chapman & Hazel An indexing term that provides specific identifying information in a category: geographic names, laws and legislation, or tests and testing., ()), 2009). Australia just like other developed States has recorded a steady decline in fertility rate which has brought about the ratio of two children per couple (Tiffen, & Gittins, 2004). It is always presumed that the higher the number of children in a family the reduced ability of the parents to provide quality education to an individual child. This is because the available resources such as finance, energy and time are shared among the many children thereby reducing the amount received by an individual child (Evans & Kelley, 2002). The reduced fertility rate in Australia has ensured reduced number of children in a family which the parents can afford to provide quality education for thus contributing to increased level of education in the country. These changes in education levels brought about by changes in family size are only noticeable in secondary schools and tertiary levels and not in primary level where the government funds education (Harrison, 2002). The government’s commitment to provide quality education has also influenced to a greater extent the steady growth in education levels so far witnessed in Australia. The Australian government has increased its spending on education of both males and females compared to the last century. There have been issues of gender inequality in education and females have been stereotyped as underperformers in the past (Evans & Kelley, 2002). It is note worthy that in all countries except New Zealand; there have been lower performance by females than their male counterparts especially in mathematics literacy (Marginson, 1993). This traditional stereotype is being overcome by the Australian government through equal provision of educational services to both the sexes. Philosophers such as Martin Roland have also contributed to this issue of gender equality and education of the girl child. Roland argues that the old tradition was a barrier to the equal distribution of resources to both the sexes in the society since it discriminated against the females and favored the males. She reiterates that gender issues should be embedded in the curriculum as well as in teaching and schooling activities to ensure that the product of such a system is an ideal educated person. John Dewey is another renowned philosopher whose contribution to education, politics as well as philosophy has been globally recognized. According to Dewey, education was the cornerstone to intellectual development and progress of the society. He stressed on the improvement of moral and social nature of schools as an attempt to fostering democracy and community prosperity (Paringer, 1990). Dewey asserts that provision of education service to a single child in the society empowers the child towards self- effectiveness which consequently provides a guarantee to a lovely, worthy and harmonious society. Democracy never used to prevail in the ancient society as a result of lack of knowledge by then. According to Dewey, the nature of things should be viewed from a perspective of change and growth and therefore the continuous transformation in education is inevitable (Dewey, 2007). Nel Noddings is an additional prominent philosopher whose argument revolves around the moral reasoning, beliefs and values in education. She states that the current education trends encourages moral development hence the need to adopt educational structures that incorporates ethics and the use of motherly interest to inform moral learning. She however blames politics that fulfills the interests of particular groups for threatening the establishment of strong ethical foundation of learning as well as teaching in the academic institution (Palmer, Bresler, & Cooper, 2001). Conclusion Education in Australia has undergone commendable changes since the first half of the last century. The Australian government as well as other stakeholders in the educational sector has contributed towards the social progress which is primarily dependent on the enhanced education standards in the country. Education has so far transformed from the old system characterized by repugnant traditions and values to the modern technologically- advanced era where education is the basic requirement for community sustainability. The progress in science and technology in the current era has created the knowledge and skills necessary for the developed industrial economy, while growth of education has provided workforce that is needed to utilize these new opportunities. Australia currently enjoys a socially-friendly environment with high paying professional jobs as well as improved living standards courtesy of development witnessed in the education sector. Reference List: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (2008). Trends shaping education. OECD   Publishing. Dewey, J. (2007). Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education.   NuVision Publications, LLC.   Evans, M. & Kelley, J. (2002). Australian economy and society, 2001: education, work, an   welfare. Federation Press. Harrison, J. (2002). Excel senior high school: community and family studies. Pascal Press. Henry, M. (1990). Understanding schooling: an introductory sociology of Australian education.

Unemployment as a social issue Research Paper Example

Unemployment as a social issue Research Paper Example Unemployment as a social issue Paper Unemployment as a social issue Paper Essay Topic: Social Issues Factors leading to unemployment In recent times developed countries including the United States and other developing countries continue to face high rates of unemployment with the impact visible in various sectors and industries feeling its pinch more than others. Experts associate these elevated levels with the recession, and the result is various economic and social issues. It is a negative economic phenomenon which has a significant impact on different parts of the society (Zamfir, 2012). It has effects on economic indicators, but the social implications are also important. An economy’s well-being depends on the financial capability of the said economy. It, therefore, means that for individuals in society to ensure that their holistic health is catered for, there is a need for employment for every eligible person. Unemployment, on the other hand, hinders affordability and delivery of the necessary forms of health. It is, therefore, an indication of the magnitude of influence unemployment has on health (Zamfir, 2012). People find fulfillment in the various employment opportunities they hold. Having a job means high levels of self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-worth for almost all people. Therefore when unemployed there are decreased levels of personal morale and other aspects that work within the person. Eventually, the effect extends to the society where negative personal feelings affect how people interact with each other in society. Unemployment is a prerequisite for various problem behaviors in society and specifically high rates of criminal activities, the prevalence in homicides and suicides. People have needs and demands that need employment to fulfill and maintain. Therefore unemployment will push people to places they do not want to go. The pressure may make some commit suicide or even steal just to survive (Pologeorgis, 2014). Another person may commit suicide due to high levels of stress or even depression as a result of unemployment. Effects of unemployment Effects of unemployment on parents trickle down to their children. Evidence indicates that those children whose parents get laid-off from work tend to redo a grade in school. Eventually, the annual income of those children whose fathers get displaced from work is ten percent lower than those whose parents remain employed. It is a clear indication of how the impact of unemployment affects the children. As time moves, it gets hard for an individual who is employed finding a job. It is a situation that causes frustration and high-stress levels within the individual. Unemployment also means that development in the society lags behind. There will be low quality housing, inadequate access to various services and other public amenities and underfunded schools and institutions. Diverse communities are often vulnerable to unemployment. The communities have higher levels of stress due to unemployment (Pologeorgis, 2014). They include the disabled, women and much more. The overall effects of unemployment on the society are often universal, and communities will experience almost similar consequences. Members of the community become frustrated, develop feelings of anger, go into alcoholism and drug abuse divorce and much more. Unemployment has significant effects on various economic indicators. It is however just one of its primary effects. Therefore unemployment is as much a social issue as it is an economic issue. The different effects it has on the society as a whole, and its members give an indication of the magnitude of the problem. Therefore unemployment affects society in many ways that people may recognize. It calls for identification and development of measures that deal with the social aspect of unemployment. References Pologeorgis, N. A. (2014). Unemployment, an Economic Problem or a Social Issue: empirical study. International Journal Of Business Economics Perspectives, 9(1). Zamfir, V. (2012). The effects of unemployment on social issues and health matters. Review of Economic Studies and Research, 5(1), 125-144.

Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Essay Example

Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Essay Example Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Paper Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments Paper After some good discussions and ideas regarding the expansion plans of the furniture company, the realization comes about that the main factor to consider is the competition that will be encountered in the expansion country Of choice. As a result, there needs to be further research done regarding the top competition for the furniture company in China. After researching furniture companies in China, the two companies that have been chosen are KEA and Marko International Furniture Company. KEA is a company that started out small by a five year old boy with an entrepreneurial spirit selling pencils and match sticks to neighbors. Because of his drive and determination to help out his family, the KEA brand started in 1943 and is a global giant that has stores in forty-one countries, with twelve stores in various neighborhoods of China. The vision of KEA is to create a better daily life for the many, and their business plan is to offer a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishings at prices that are low enough so as many people as possible can afford their furniture (KEA, 2013). Marko International Furniture Company was founded in 1995 and has lumber resources that are imported, produces various styles of high-end furniture with different cultural elements, and exports to Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, the U. S, as well as other countries. Marko ranks as one of the top furniture stores in the industry and in the areas of equipment level, production scale, industrial and technical production, as well as marketing, product development, and management. In 2002, Marko created its own brand of furnishings; Marko Home Furnishings and began working with Ethan Allen, one of the largest furniture retailers in the LLC. S, and opened around thirty stores across China (Marko, 2013). As we look at KEA and Marko, it is evident that both these companies have strengths and weaknesses. Because of those strengths and weaknesses, it is important to do a SOOT analysis since it will not only analyze the strengths and weaknesses, but also the opportunities and threats. The strengths of KEA include brand recognition and image, internationally known, unique business model, and a long-term joint venture with their supplier, which equals quality rodents. The weaknesses are privately owned, a reliance on European markets, lower level of customer service, and real estate (large land masses). The opportunities are further international expansion, smaller store locations, moving towards being global and more high-end furniture. The threats are competitors (direct and indirect), shipping prices and rising commodity, copycat companies, and a threat to the performance of the company in specifically the American and UK markets. KEA is a direct competitor to us because of their established global presence and brand recognition, and urinate styles that look high-end, but are inexpensive. They also have several locations throughout China. In some ways KEA has an advantage over us because of their inexpensive products, but are of quality. However, our advantage over them is that our customer base wants furniture that is of quality and furniture that is already assembled (KEA, 2013). The strengths of Marko is their collaboration between Ethan Allen and their own brand Marko Home Furnishings and a strong operating performance, known internationally, free shipping, marketing strategy, and economies of scale. The weaknesses are an over dependence on domestic regions, high employee turnover, expensive products. The opportunities are recovering economy, strategic acquisitions, and additional global expansion. The threats are falling housing investments in the IS. S, labor and Wage issues in China, aging population on main shopper sector, and competition (direct and indirect). Marko is a direct competitor for us because they are a well established company in China with a working relationship with Ethan Allen and export to countries like Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, and the U. S. They also have a did range of high-end furniture with influences from the countries they export to and a direct competition to our product line. The advantage they have over us is that they are an established company with various locations throughout China (Marko, 2013). When discussing a cooperative strategy with our competitors, this is something that is highly possible with Marko. Since this company has already established a working relationship with Ethan Allen, why not add more partnerships to the mix. This form of relationship will have benefits for involved by adding value to each company. As far as KEA not so sure that a cooperative strategy is possible, KEA is a company that has its own way of doing things and their own ideology. If it were possible, our company would have to do things Kikes way. Another strategy that the furniture company should perform is building a competitive market profile. This process helps companies to identify and communicate with the forecast that offers the best opportunity for success. This type of profile is a concise description of the type of prospects the company wants to sell to. In order to do this there are certain steps to follow: identify the target market or our products as accurately as achievable; profile business customers by a set of different attributes consisting of size, location, and industry, as well as decision makers; research the preferences and interest of that target market; build a profile that is more detailed of the target audience on our website regarding their specific requirements; identify the benefits of the products that represent the best value for our customers; and create a positioning statement that I distinct for each sector of customers.

Pricing Strategies of Tiger Airways Research Paper

Pricing Strategies of Tiger Airways - Research Paper Example The Tiger Airways is divided into services and brands such as the marketing and customer services which comprise the in flight services, the marketing service and cabin crew (Albers, Auerbach, & Baum, 2005, p. 154). Furthermore, the operational services comprise flight operations, catering, aviation services, and operation planning and control services. The other section of the airline is the commercial service section. The airline has operations in countries like China, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Australia. Amongst all its destinations mentioned above, Thailand stands out as its major market. The company has a well-established website that enables passengers and other clients to book tickets cheaply online. This and other pricing strategies will be discussed in subsequent sections. This project, therefore, aims to explore the pricing strategies used to sell the Tiger airways tickets as well as other products. To successfully explore its pricing strategies, the discussion will also capture the factors influencing tiger airway’s pricing strategies and the positive and negative impacts of the pricing strategies used by Tiger airways. The pricing strategies used to sell the Tiger airways tickets and other product Tiger Airways employs a mix of pricing strategies coupled with unbeatable deals on airfares aimed at helping passengers to reach their destinations safely and cheaply. In addition to their competitive airfares, they also offer superb deals on hotels. Some of these strategies are discussed below. 2.1 Low-fare pricing Strategy Tiger Airways employ a low-fare pricing strategy. By definition, according to Graham (2008) the low-fare airlines also employ low cost strategies lowering their costs in relation to the pricing and cost strategies of their rivals. The business model of Tiger airways is primarily characterized by the simplicity of products and services, low costs of operation as well as a specific positioning, allowing them to offer their customers prices that are low, without offering many of extra services. The low prices provided by Tiger Airways have been appealing and attracting new clients in the market and even the airports such as Changi Airport in Singapore have adapted and transforming relative to the growth of the airline (Carrilho, 2010). Based on the fact that low cost air companies require reduced or lower airfares, airports are also assigned to this particularly segment by paying close attention to the income generated by activities that are non aeronautica l in nature as commercial services due to the income gen

The pony fishs glow chapter summaries Term Paper

The pony fishs glow chapter summaries - Term Paper Example examining human traits, modern biologists tend to not recognize elements of prior planning; rather such structures are perfected by the process of natural selection. The features, such as ears, are maintained because individuals with better versions of the feature are more likely to survive and reproduce. This is known as the adaptationist program. Petitioners of the program examine each trait in organisms, and look at how this relates to the way in which the organism survives to pass on its genes. Such questions get more complex as one looks at features more closely, such as the number of incisors in a jaw. The author summarizes his view of the study of biological adaptation in the first five chapters. He considers that adaptation is the development of something that is effective functionally from natural selection. He uses the pony fish as an example of this. This fish has a special type of light that helps it in many aspects of its life. However, other parts of its body aren’t as logical. For example, it only has two eyes, while more would make better sense given the environment which the fish exists in. â€Å"The Sun exists to illuminate the surface of the Earth, and we have eyes to allow us to make use of the sunlight†. These two statements which the author considers imply a cause and effect relationship between the Earth and the Sun. However, when you examine the two statements more closely, you find that there is no evidence for the first being true while the second is not only true but has special implications. If the purpose of the Sun was to serve the Earth, why would it be so large in comparison, and why is the Earth so far away. The eye however, is a complex structure with many regulatory capacities and is clearly designed to enable the organism that possesses it to observe the world around them. If an eye is designed, then does there necessarily have to be a designer? Paley argues that for a watch to exist, it must have been created by someone who